けどhas the same function as が, which is used to connect two sentences (see Lesson 8, 7 and Lesson 14, 7). で, に, から, まで, と, etc., however, are not omitted because the meaning of the sentence may not be clear without them.Ĥ) In the plain style, いof Vて-form いるis also often dropped. Won’t you come to Kyoto tomorrow with me? (used by both men and women)ģ) In the plain style, certain particles are often omitted if the meaning of the sentence is evident from the context. 今晩暇？ Are you free tonight? (used by both men and women) You can either omit だor add some sentence final particle to soften the tone of the sentence. In an answer in the affirmative, ending the sentence with だcould sound too rough. Most letters are written in the polite style.ġ) Questions in the plain style generally omit the particle か, which denotes a question, and end with a rising intonation.Ģ) In noun and な-adjective questions, だ, which is the plain form of です, is omitted.

Newspapers, books, theses and diaries are all written in the plain style. If the plain style is used inappropriately, you could sound rough and impolite, so when you cannot tell the situation it is safer to use the polite style.Ģ) The plain style is commonly used in written work. Note that you need to be careful about how much politeness is needed, basing this on the age of your conversation partner and your type of relationship. The plain style is used when talking to one’s close friends, colleagues and family members. The polite style may be chosen when one talks to a person who is younger or lower in rank yet not so close. It is used when talking to a person one has met for the first time, to one’s superiors, or even to persons in a similar age group to whom one is not very close. Therefore, the polite style is used most commonly in daily conversation between adults who are not close friends.

Proper use of the polite style or the plain styleġ) The polite style can be used at anytime in any place and to anybody.

The predicates which are used in polite style sentences and accompanied by either ですor ますare called the polite form, while the predicates used in plain style sentences are called the plain form. Japanese language has two styles of speech: polite style and plain style. Which one (between two things), which way, where (an informal equivalent ofどちら) That way, that place over there (an informal equivalent ofあちら) That way, that place (an informal equivalent of そちら) This way, this place (an informal equivalent ofこちら) (an informal equivalent of～さん used by men) You (an informal equivalent ofあなた used by men) I (an informal equivalent of わたしused by men)

Kaiwa minna no nihongo